Chief henri membertou biography examples

Henri Membertou

Grand Chief of the Mi'kmaq tribe (c. –)

Grand Chief

Henri Membertou

Bornc. (disputed)

Present-day Southwestern St. Mary's Bay

Died18 September (aged /)

Port Royal, Canada

OccupationGrand Chief of the Mi'kmaq people
Years&#;active
TitleSaqamow (Grand Chief)

Chief Henri Membertou (c.

– 18 September ) was the sakmow (Grand Chief) of the Mi'kmaqFirst Nations tribe situated near Port Royal, site of the first French settlement in Acadia, present-day Nova Scotia, Canada. Originally sakmow of the Kespukwitk district, he was appointed as Grand Chief by the sakmowk of the other six districts.

Membertou claimed to have been a grown man when he first met Jacques Cartier, which makes it likely that he was born in the early years of the sixteenth century.[1][2]

Biography

Pre-baptism

Before becoming grand chief, Membertou had been the District Chief of Kespukwitk, a part of the Mi'kmaq nation which included the area where the French colonists settled Port-Royal.[3] In addition to being sakmow or political leader, Membertou had also been the head autmoin or spiritual leader of his tribe – who believed him to have powers of healing and prophecy.

Membertou was known to have acquired his own French shallop which he decorated with his own totems. He used this ship to trade with Europeans far out at sea, gaining first access to this important market and allowing him to sell goods at more worthwhile exchanges ("forestalling the market").[4]

Membertou became a good friend to the French.

He first met the French when they arrived to build the Habitation at Port-Royal in , at which time, according to the French lawyer and author Marc Lescarbot, he said he was over and recalled meeting Jacques Cartier in [5]

Both Lescarbot and explorer Samuel de Champlain wrote of having witnessed him conducting a funeral in for Panoniac, a fellow Mi'kmaw sakmow who had been killed by the Armouchiquois or Passamaquoddy tribe, of what is now Maine.

Descendants of henri membertou He does not impose taxes upon the people, but if there are any profits from the chase he has a share of them, without being obliged to take part in it. Present-day Southwestern St. Deneze Vezeau Lujanen. Also, Cartier's 3 expeditions started in

Seeking revenge for this and similar acts of hostility, Membertou led warriors in a raid on the Armouchiquois town, Chouacoet, present-day Saco, Maine, in July, , killing 20 of their people, including two of their leaders, Onmechin and Marchin.[6]

He is described by the Jesuit Pierre Biard as having maintained a beard, unlike other Mi'kmaq males who removed all facial hair.

He was larger than the other males and despite his advanced age, had no grey or white hair.[1] Also, unlike most sakmowk who were polygamous, Membertou had only one wife, who was baptised with the name of "Marie". Lescarbot records that the eldest son of Chief Membertou had the name Membertouchis (Membertouji'j, baptised Louis Membertou after the then-King of France, Louis XIII), while his second and third sons were called Actaudin (absent at the time of the baptism) and Actaudinech (Actaudinji'j, baptised Paul Membertou).

He also had a daughter, given the name Marguerite.

After building their fort, the French left in , leaving only two of their party behind, during which time Membertou took good care of the fort and them, meeting them upon their return in

Baptism

On 24 June (Saint John the Baptist Day), Membertou became the first native leader to be baptised by the French, as a sign of alliance and good faith.

The ceremony was carried out by priest Jessé Fléché, who went on to baptize all 21 members of Membertou's immediate family.[7][8][9] It was then that Membertou was given the baptismal name Henri, after the late king of France, Henry IV.[1] Membertou's Baptism was part of the entry by the Mi'kmaq into a relationship with the Catholic Church, known as the Mi'kmaw Concordat.[10]

Post-baptism

Membertou was very eager to become a proper Christian as soon as he was baptized.

He wanted the missionaries to learn the Algonquian Mi'kmaq language so that he could be properly educated.[1] Biard relates how, when Membertou's son Actaudin became gravely ill, he was prepared to sacrifice two or three dogs to precede him as messengers into the spirit world, but when Biard told him this was wrong, he did not, and Actaudin then recovered.

However, in , he contracted dysentery, one of the many infectious diseases spread in the New World by Europeans. By September , he was very ill. Membertou insisted on being buried with his ancestors, something that bothered the missionaries. However; Membertou soon changed his mind and requested to be buried among the French.

He died on 18 September [1] In his final words, he charged his children to remain devout Christians.

In Canada Post issued a $ stamp (domestic rate) in its "French Settlement in North America" series in honour of Chief Membertou.

  • MEMBERTOU (baptized Henri) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography
  • MEMBERTOU (baptized Henri) - Dictionary of Canadian Biography
  • Settings
  • Membertou (First Nations Chief) - On This Day

    • A portrait of Membertou painted by the noted Mi'kmaq artist, Alan Syliboy, was presented to Queen Elizabeth II during the Royal Tour of Canada. The portrait is on permanent display at Government House (Nova Scotia).[11]

    Songs

    Three songs of Membertou survive in written form, and provide the first music transcriptions from the Americas.

    The melodies for the songs were transcribed in solfège notation by Marc Lescarbot.[12] The time values of each note were recorded in an arrangement of Membertou's songs in mensural notation by Gabriel Sagard-Théodat.[13]

    The melodies use three notes of the solfege scale – originally transcribed as Re-Fa-Sol by Lescarbot, but more easily sung as La-Do-Re.

    Transcriptions of these songs are available for Native American flute.[14]

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abcdeBumsted, J. M.

      (). A History of the Canadian Peoples.

      Henri membertou children: Membertou became Henri. Lise Ballard. Champlain writes, that he was "a friendly savage, although he had the name of being the worst and most traitorous man of his tribe". Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.

      Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.

    2. ^"Mi'kmaq Grand Chiefs"(PDF). . 3 December Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 December Retrieved 10 October
    3. ^Paul, Daniel N. (). We Were Not the Savages: A Mi'kmaq Perspective on the Collision Between European and Native American Civilizations (2nd&#;ed.).

      Fernwood.

      Chief henri membertou biography examples However, in , he contracted dysentery, one of the many infectious diseases spread in the New World by Europeans. Name Meaning. Before becoming grand chief, Membertou had been the District Chief of Kespukwitk, a part of the Mi'kmaq nation which included the area where the French colonists settled Port-Royal. DNA through lines and Various cross reference in the Histories and Stories, taken in Conjunction with the Law of the Land regarding Wampum Covenants, Treaties, Adoptions and Naming Ceremonies for various reasons throughout ones Life Cycle lend credence to the proposition of these being the personages known as the Baron and Madockawando.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    4. ^Fischer, David Hackett (). Champlain's Dream. Vintage Canada. pp.&#;, ISBN&#;.
    5. ^"Canada Post - Collecting". Archived from the original on 12 November Retrieved 8 August
    6. ^"Messamouet (??)". .
    7. ^Augustine, Stephen J.

      (9 September ). A Culturally Relevant Education for Aboriginal Youth: Is there room for a middle ground, accommodating Traditional Knowledge and Mainstream Education?(PDF) (Masters of Arts, School of Canadian Studies thesis). Ottawa, Ontario: Carleton University. p.&#;9. Retrieved 8 August Citing Wallis and Wallis

    8. ^Wallis, Wilson D.; Wallis, Ruth Sawtell ().

      The Micmac Indians of Eastern Canada. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    9. ^Prins, Harald E. L. (). The Miʼkmaq: Resistance, Accommodation, and Cultural Survival. Harcourt Brace. pp.&#;35, ISBN&#;.
    10. ^Henderson, James (Sákéj) Youngblood ().

      Chief henri membertou biography examples images After building their fort, the French left in , leaving only two of their party behind, during which time Membertou took good care of the fort and them, meeting them upon their return in By the same ship which, in the hands of Poutrincourt's son, Biencourt, carries to France this ingenious document, one Bertrand, a Huguenot layman sends a message to his friend, the sieur de la Tronchaie. Download as PDF Printable version. Three songs of Membertou survive in written form, and provide the first music transcriptions from the Americas.

      The Míkmaw Concordat. Fernwood. ISBN&#;.

    11. ^McCreery, Christopher (). Government House Halifax: A Place of History and Gathering. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions.

      Chief henri membertou biography examples for kids He was larger than the other males and despite his advanced age, had no grey or white hair. He was larger than the other males and despite his advanced age, had no grey or white hair. It is true that they sometimes make him presents of Beaver skins and other things, when he is occupied in curing the sick, or in questioning [21] his demon whom he calls Aoutem to have news of some future event or of the absent: for, as each village, or company of Savages, has an Aoutmoin, or Prophet, who performs this office, Membertou is the one who, from time immemorial, has practiced this art among his followers. Tools Tools.

      ISBN&#;.

    12. ^Lescarbot, Marc (). Histoire de la Nouvelle-France [History of New France – Third Edition] (in French) (Troisième&#;ed.). Paris: Ardian Perier &#; via Project Gutenberg Ebook #
    13. ^Sagard Théodat, Gabriel (). Histoire du Canada et voyages que les frères mineurs recollects y ont faicts pour la conversion des infidèles depuis l'an Avec un dictionnaire de la langue huronne (in French) (Deuxième Partie&#;ed.).

      Paris.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

    14. ^Goss, Clint (24 March ).

    15. Henri membertou children
    16. Chief henri membertou biography examples list
    17. Chief henri membertou biography examples today

      18. "Membertou's Three Songs – Sheet Music for Native American Flute". Flutopedia. Retrieved 31 October

    Bibliography