Titokowaru biography of christopher
Tītokowaru
19th-century Māori leader; opponent of British colonisation of New Zealand
Riwha Tītokowaru (born Riwha, c. – 18 August ) was a TaranakiMāori rangatira, military commander, general and religious leader. He is considered to be one of the most capable and influential military strategists in New Zealand history.
He waged a war against invading settlers and Crown forces which became known as Tītokowaru's War. His reputation has stayed largely the same for years; James Belich has described him as "perhaps the greatest war leader either of New Zealand’s peoples has ever produced".[1]
After the period of warfare he again became an advocate for peace and made diplomatic efforts between Māori, colonial settlers and the government.
He was arrested and jailed after a peaceful occupation of land near Manaia in and he died two years later in
Early life
Riwha was a subtribal leader, having succeeded his father Tītokowaru the Elder (died 22 February ) of the Ngāti Ruanui and Ngāruahineiwi in South Taranaki. A lot of what was accomplished by his father had been wrongly attributed to the son; being events of intertribal warring during his time of preadolescence.
There is some mystery about his early life, but he is known to have become a Methodist in having been baptised and given the name of Hohepa Otene[2] (named after the missionary). He joined the "King Movement" and fought in the First Taranaki War in and [3]
In and , British troops conducted a punitive campaign throughout Taranaki, though they were unable to force a decisive result.
In , the year was declared by Tītokowaru to be a year of peace, "the year of the daughtersthe year of the lamb", and he led over of his followers on a peace march during the winter of from Waihi, near Hawera, down to Patea and Whanganui and ending at Pipiriki on the upper Whanganui River.[4]
However, continuing disputes with settlers proved intolerable and in Tītokowaru went to war.
Titokowaru biography of christopher powell He practised his own message, demonstrating great tolerance that was noted by many settlers and authority figures of his time. It is the day after the fight. Titokowaru was a significant warrior chief from the Taranaki region who left the pacifist Te Whiti movement to take up arms against the colonial government. He is considered to be one of the most capable and influential military strategists in New Zealand history.Tītokowaru's War (–69)
Main article: Tītokowaru's War
In June Tītokowaru's forces destroyed a colonist blockhouse at Turuturumokai, inland of Hāwera. The colonial response was to send a large contingent to destroy Tītokowaru's stronghold. On 7 September the colonial forces were defeated with heavy casualties.
The stronghold was then abandoned. Amongst the dead was the famous Prussian adventurer Gustavus von Tempsky. Turuturumokai was, previous to becoming a Pākehā garrison, a small Māori encampment, which had been found to be abandoned. Later after careful surveying, it was also discovered that, contrary to appearances, Turuturumokai was not as inconquerable as thought by British troops.
The Māori decision to leave Turuturumokai was a strategic move.
Tītokowaru then advanced southward and defeated a second colonial force at Moturoa. He then stopped at Tauranga Ika and proceeded to build another fortress pā. This diamond-shaped fortress is considered the strongest ever constructed in New Zealand according to James Belich. It had numerous underground bunkers and tunnels, which could withstand heavy bombardment.
There were three types of firing positions: trenches, loopholed palisades and European-style bastions from which fire could be directed along the frontages of the diamond. On the north-west corner was a tall lookout tower. At 5&#;am, on 2 February , the advance party moved to within a few hundred meters of the stronghold and artillery opened fire.
Titokowaru biography of christopher kennedy: It is the day after the fight. Ms NJ Taniwha Daily Southern Cross, 15 December Titokowaru's power was finally broken.
Māori returned rifle fire from within. Under cover of darkness, the colonial force closed the fort to within shouting distance. Both sides shouted and sang to encourage themselves until at 3&#;am the fighting reached a peak, gradually dying away until daybreak. At dawn, the army noticed the pā had gone very quiet. Three men approached the pa with great caution and found it deserted.
Later life
His later understanding of the needed union of two peoples (Māori and settler) was incomparable. He advocated peace and diplomacy between the British and Māoridom. He practised his own message, demonstrating great tolerance that was noted by many settlers and authority figures of his time.
Titokowaru biography of christopher cross Other resources. He practised his own message, demonstrating great tolerance that was noted by many settlers and authority figures of his time. On the north-west corner was a tall lookout tower. The Fox Boy.In , he was part of a peaceful occupation of land near Manaia. Tītokowaru and nine others were taken to Wellington and, after being held in jail for two and a half months, were tried and sentenced to jail. He died on 18 August at his home in Ōkaiawai.[5][6][7]
Hailed as a war leader, prophet and peacemaker, Tītokowaru's story lapsed into obscurity before being popularised by New Zealand historian James Belich in his works on the New Zealand Wars.
He is also the subject of a Maurice Shadbolt novel Monday's Warriors.
Titokowaru biography of christopher Star, 28 December Ngatau Omahuru also known as William Fox Dressed formally in an Eton suit and fine boots, this young boy looks somewhat out of place and unhappy with his surroundings. William Fox grew up to be a law clerk. He had an official position for a while in Japan, and spent his last years in England, where he died in FebThe character, Te Kaipo, in the film River Queen, played by Temuera Morrison, is closely based on Tītokowaru.
See also
References
- ^Belich, J. () I Shall Not Die: Titokowaru’s War, –, ( ed.) Bridget Williams Books, pp.
- ^Broughton, Ruka Alan ().
Ngaa Mahi Whakaari a Tiitokowaru (1st&#;ed.). Wellington: Victoria University Press.
- ^James Belich. 'Tītokowaru, Riwha - Titokowaru, Riwha', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in , updated April, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, (accessed 2 August )
- ^"The year of the lamb"
- ^Belich, pp
- ^Sole, Tony ().
Ngati Ruanui: a history. Huia Publishers.
- ^Hokimate P. Harwood (). "Ko Titokowaru: te poupou rangatira Titokowaru: a carved panel of the Taranaki leader". Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. 25. Te Papa: 16– ISSN&#; Wikidata&#;Q
Ms NJ Taniwha ().
Te Ngutu O te Manu, Whanganui – Taranaki , [History of Ruanui – The War Years]. National Congress Library Washington.
The Fox Boy. Peter Walker.
Bloomsbury. ISBN&#;
I Shall not Die. James Belich. Wellington